![]() ![]() It frequently causes a significant leucocytosis and a raised CRP. It is the most common cause of CAP (classically lobar), presenting with a cough, pleuritic pain and pyrexia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive alpha-haemolytic streptococci. Numerous organisms may be responsible for a pneumonia, below a few common organisms are discussed. NOTE: Mendelson’s syndrome is a related condition, It is defined as a chemical pneumonitis caused by aspiration of acidic gastric contents classically seen by obstetric anaesthetists. pseudomonas aeruginosa) is more likely to be implicated. Infective organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Enterobacteriaceae, in the hospital Gram-negative bacilli (e.g. Studies have shown hospitalised patients on proton-pump inhibitors are more at risk of developing HAP than those who are not, implicating aspiration in the aetiology. It is increasingly recognised that many CAPs and HAPs may result from an otherwise inconsequential aspiration event. Mechanical interventions such as endotracheal tubes.This brings bacteria found in these environments into the lungs.Īspiration pneumonias have typically been associated with patients who are unable to adequately protect their airway, it may be seen in patients with: This helps to identify the likely causative organism and guide management.Īspiration pneumonias are caused by the inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents. Pneumonia may be divided into groups based on the location it was contracted, comorbidities, and the immune status of the patient. Diagnosis often involves demonstrating acute consolidation on a chest radiograph but may require testing for a specific organism. ![]() These infections may result in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary symptoms. Viruses, fungi, and parasites may also cause pneumonia.īacteria may reach the lungs via one of three routes: The most common cause of pneumonia is infection and the majority of these are bacterial in nature. Pneumonia: inflammation of the lung parenchyma with the normal air-filled lungs becoming filled with infective liquid (known as consolidation).This includes bronchitis, pneumonia and exacerbation of COPD. Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI): refers to inflammation of the lower airways.Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI): inflammation of the mucosa of the nostrils, nasal cavity, mouth, throat (i.e.Pneumonia is one of several types of respiratory infections, which include: Pneumonia can be life-threatening, particularly in frail, elderly patients or those who are immunosuppressed. alveoli) become filled with microorganisms and inflammatory cells leading to poor lung function with features of cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Pneumonia is a common type of infection affecting the lung tissue (i.e. Pneumonia is the inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung. ![]()
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